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C. ITOH & CO. (AMERICA) INC. v. JORDAN INTERN. CO. Case Brief
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Case Brief Summary & Legal Analysis
tl;dr: In a ‘battle of the forms’ dispute, a seller’s acknowledgment contained an arbitration clause and language making acceptance conditional on assent to its terms. The parties performed anyway. The court held that no contract was formed by the writings, and the contract formed by conduct did not include the non-agreed-upon arbitration clause.
Legal Significance: This case clarifies the application of UCC § 2-207(3). When writings do not form a contract but conduct does, the resulting contract’s terms are only those on which the writings agree, plus UCC ‘gap-fillers,’ effectively ‘knocking out’ disputed additional terms like arbitration clauses.
C. ITOH & CO. (AMERICA) INC. v. JORDAN INTERN. CO. Law School Study Guide
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Case Facts & Court Holding
Key Facts & Case Background
C. Itoh & Co. (America) Inc. (‘Itoh’), the buyer, submitted a purchase order for steel coils to Jordan International Co. (‘Jordan’), the seller. Itoh’s order contained no arbitration provision. Jordan responded with an acknowledgment form that included a broad arbitration clause on its reverse side. The face of Jordan’s form stated, ‘Seller’s acceptance is… expressly conditional on Buyer’s assent to the additional or different terms and conditions set forth below and on the reverse side.’ Itoh never expressly assented to the arbitration term. Subsequently, Jordan delivered the steel and Itoh paid for it. A dispute arose when Itoh’s customer, Riverview Steel, alleged the steel was defective. Itoh sued Jordan for breach of contract. Jordan filed a motion to stay the proceedings pending arbitration, arguing that the arbitration clause in its acknowledgment form was part of their contract. The district court denied the stay on grounds of judicial economy. Jordan appealed.
Court Holding & Legal Precedent
Issue: Where a seller’s acknowledgment form contains an arbitration clause and language making acceptance expressly conditional on the buyer’s assent to that term, does a contract formed by the parties’ subsequent performance under UCC § 2-207(3) include the arbitration clause?
No. The court affirmed the denial of the stay, holding that no Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et
IRAC Legal Analysis
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Legal Issue
Where a seller’s acknowledgment form contains an arbitration clause and language making acceptance expressly conditional on the buyer’s assent to that term, does a contract formed by the parties’ subsequent performance under UCC § 2-207(3) include the arbitration clause?
Conclusion
This case provides a foundational interpretation of UCC § 2-207(3), establishing that Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commod
Legal Rule
Under UCC § 2-207(3), conduct by both parties sufficient to establish a Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor
Legal Analysis
The court first determined that the issue was governed by UCC § Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit i
Flash-to-Full Case Opinions
Flash Summary
- A stay pending arbitration under FAA § 3 is mandatory, not