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Case Citation
Legal Case Name

PATTERSON v. NEW YORK Case Brief

Supreme Court of United States1977
432 U.S. 197 97 S.Ct. 2319 53 L.Ed.2d 281 Criminal Law Constitutional Law Evidence

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Case Brief Summary & Legal Analysis

General Brief
3 min read

tl;dr: A defendant was charged with murder and claimed the mitigating defense of extreme emotional disturbance. The Supreme Court held that New York could constitutionally require the defendant to prove this affirmative defense.

Legal Significance: Established that states may place the burden of persuasion for an affirmative defense on the defendant, so long as the defense does not negate an essential element of the crime as defined by the legislature.

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Case Facts & Court Holding

Key Facts & Case Background

Gordon Patterson, Jr. was charged with second-degree murder in New York after killing his estranged wife’s lover. Under New York law, the elements of second-degree murder were (1) intent to cause the death of another person, and (2) causing that person’s death. The statute did not include malice aforethought as an element. However, the law provided an affirmative defense that could reduce the charge to manslaughter if the defendant proved by a preponderance of the evidence that he “acted under the influence of extreme emotional disturbance for which there was a reasonable explanation or excuse.” At trial, Patterson raised this defense. The jury was instructed that the prosecution must prove the elements of murder beyond a reasonable doubt, while Patterson bore the burden of proving his affirmative defense. The jury convicted Patterson of murder. He appealed, arguing that placing the burden of proof for the defense on him violated the Due Process Clause, citing the precedent of Mullaney v. Wilbur, which had invalidated a similar scheme in Maine.

Court Holding & Legal Precedent

Issue: Does the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment prohibit a state from placing the burden of persuasion on a defendant to prove the affirmative defense of extreme emotional disturbance in a murder prosecution?

No. The Court held that the New York statute requiring the defendant Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum. Lorem ipsum dolor sit ame

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IRAC Legal Analysis

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Legal Issue

Does the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment prohibit a state from placing the burden of persuasion on a defendant to prove the affirmative defense of extreme emotional disturbance in a murder prosecution?

Conclusion

This case significantly clarified the *Winship* doctrine by establishing that the prosecution's Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco labor

Legal Rule

A state may require a defendant to bear the burden of proving Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in

Legal Analysis

The Court distinguished this case from *Mullaney v. Wilbur*, where it had Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur

Flash-to-Full Case Opinions

Flash Summary

  • Holding: A state may constitutionally require a defendant to prove an
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum. Lorem ipsum

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