Case Citation
Legal Case Name

Perlman v. Catapult Entertainment, Inc. (In re Catapult Entertainment, Inc.) Case Brief

Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit1999Docket #64064513
165 F.3d 747 Bankruptcy Law Intellectual Property Contracts

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Case Brief Summary & Legal Analysis

General Brief
3 min read

tl;dr: A Chapter 11 debtor sought to assume a nonexclusive patent license over the licensor’s objection. The Ninth Circuit, adopting the “hypothetical test,” held that federal patent law prevents assignment without consent, thus barring the debtor from assuming the license under § 365(c)(1) of the Bankruptcy Code.

Legal Significance: Established the “hypothetical test” for § 365(c)(1) in the Ninth Circuit, holding that a debtor-in-possession cannot assume an executory contract if applicable law (like patent law) would prohibit assignment to a hypothetical third party, regardless of the debtor’s actual intent to assign.

Perlman v. Catapult Entertainment, Inc. (In re Catapult Entertainment, Inc.) Law School Study Guide

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Case Facts & Court Holding

Key Facts & Case Background

Catapult Entertainment, Inc. (“Catapult”) held two nonexclusive patent licenses from Stephen Perlman. In 1996, Catapult filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy. As part of its reorganization plan, which involved a merger with another company, Catapult filed a motion to assume the Perlman licenses under § 365 of the Bankruptcy Code. Perlman objected, arguing that the licenses were non-assignable under applicable federal patent law. He contended that this non-assignability triggered § 365(c)(1), which prohibits a debtor from assuming such contracts without the licensor’s consent. Catapult argued for an “actual test,” asserting that § 365(c)(1) should not prevent assumption by a debtor-in-possession that did not intend to assign the contract to a different entity. The bankruptcy court and district court permitted Catapult to assume the licenses. Perlman appealed, presenting the Ninth Circuit with the question of which test—“hypothetical” or “actual”—governs the assumption of executory contracts under § 365(c)(1).

Court Holding & Legal Precedent

Issue: Does § 365(c)(1) of the Bankruptcy Code prohibit a debtor-in-possession from assuming a nonexclusive patent license without the licensor’s consent when applicable federal patent law would excuse the licensor from accepting performance from a hypothetical third party?

Yes. The court held that the plain language of § 365(c)(1) establishes Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse

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Legal Issue

Does § 365(c)(1) of the Bankruptcy Code prohibit a debtor-in-possession from assuming a nonexclusive patent license without the licensor’s consent when applicable federal patent law would excuse the licensor from accepting performance from a hypothetical third party?

Conclusion

This decision solidifies the "hypothetical test" in the Ninth Circuit, significantly limiting Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex e

Legal Rule

Under the "hypothetical test," a debtor-in-possession may not assume an executory contract Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequa

Legal Analysis

The Ninth Circuit adopted the "hypothetical test" for interpreting § 365(c)(1), aligning Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labo

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Flash Summary

  • The Ninth Circuit adopted the “hypothetical test” for assuming executory contracts
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur s

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