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Reed v. University of North Dakota Case Brief
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Case Brief Summary & Legal Analysis
tl;dr: A college athlete suffered severe injuries in a mandatory team run during a charity race. The court found a pre-race liability waiver he signed was valid, barring his negligence claim against the race sponsor, and that the sponsor and university did not act “in concert” to create joint liability.
Legal Significance: This case clarifies the enforceability of pre-injury liability releases for recreational activities and narrowly construes the “in concert” action exception to several liability, requiring more than mere knowledge or concurrent negligence for joint liability to apply under statute.
Reed v. University of North Dakota Law School Study Guide
Use this case brief structure for your own legal analysis. Focus on the IRAC methodology to excel in law school exams and cold calls.
Case Facts & Court Holding
Key Facts & Case Background
Jace Reed, a scholarship hockey player at the University of North Dakota (UND), was required to participate in a 10-kilometer road race as part of the team’s preseason conditioning program. The race was sponsored and organized by the North Dakota Association for the Disabled (NDAD). Before the race, Reed signed a registration form that included an exculpatory clause. The clause stated that the participant was entering at their own risk, assumed all responsibility for injuries incurred as a direct or indirect result of participation, and agreed not to hold the participating sponsors responsible for any claims. During the race, Reed became severely dehydrated, resulting in extensive, permanent damage to his kidneys and liver, which ultimately required multiple organ transplants. Reed sued NDAD, alleging it was negligent in failing to provide adequate water stations and medical personnel. He also brought an “in concert” action claim, arguing NDAD and UND acted together in organizing the event, making NDAD jointly liable for UND’s alleged negligence under N.D.C.C. § 32-03.2-02. The trial court granted summary judgment for NDAD on both claims, and Reed appealed.
Court Holding & Legal Precedent
Issue: Does a pre-injury release signed by a participant in a recreational road race bar a subsequent negligence claim against the race sponsor, and does the sponsor’s cooperation with the participant’s university constitute “in concert” action for purposes of establishing joint liability?
Yes. The court affirmed the summary judgment for NDAD. The release Reed Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla
IRAC Legal Analysis
Complete IRAC Analysis for Higher Grades
IRAC (Issue, Rule, Analysis, Conclusion) is the exact format professors want to see in your exam answers. Our exclusive Flash-to-Full briefs combine holding, analysis, and rule statements formatted to match what A+ students produce in exams. These structured briefs help reinforce the essential legal reasoning patterns expected in law school.
Legal Issue
Does a pre-injury release signed by a participant in a recreational road race bar a subsequent negligence claim against the race sponsor, and does the sponsor’s cooperation with the participant’s university constitute “in concert” action for purposes of establishing joint liability?
Conclusion
This decision reinforces the validity of broadly worded liability waivers in non-essential Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitat
Legal Rule
A pre-injury exculpatory clause is enforceable if it is supported by consideration, Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteu
Legal Analysis
The Supreme Court of North Dakota first analyzed the enforceability of the Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore
Flash-to-Full Case Opinions
Flash Summary
- Plaintiff’s breach of contract claim against the university was barred by
