Legal Definitions - capitulation

Capitulation refers to the act of surrendering or giving in, often after a period of resistance, negotiation, or struggle. In a more formal context, particularly in international law or military affairs, it signifies a binding agreement to surrender a fortified place, a military or naval force, or territory to an opposing power. Historically, the term also described specific diplomatic agreements where one state granted certain privileges to the subjects of another within its territory.

Here are some examples illustrating the meaning of capitulation:

• Example 1 (General Surrender): After weeks of intense public debate and numerous protests against a proposed new tax, the local government announced its capitulation to the citizens' demands, withdrawing the controversial measure. This illustrates the general sense of giving in or conceding defeat after facing significant opposition.

• Example 2 (Military Agreement to Surrender): During a prolonged conflict, a besieged city's military commander, facing dwindling resources and overwhelming enemy forces, entered into negotiations for a formal capitulation. The resulting agreement detailed the terms under which the city's garrison would lay down its arms and the city would be handed over, ensuring the safety of its remaining inhabitants. This demonstrates the specific military and international law meaning of a formal agreement to surrender a force or place.

• Example 3 (Concession in Negotiation): Two major corporations were locked in a protracted legal battle over patent infringement. After years of costly litigation and mounting legal fees, one company, facing an unfavorable court ruling, made a complete capitulation, agreeing to pay a substantial settlement and license the disputed technology from its rival. This highlights the act of giving in or conceding to the demands of an opposing party in a non-military, high-stakes negotiation.