A more thorough explanation:

A conscientious objector is a person who refuses to serve in the military or bear arms due to moral, ethical, or religious beliefs. In the United States, conscientious objections were raised in response to military conscription (the “draft”).

For example, during the Vietnam War, many people refused to serve in the military because they believed the war was unjust and went against their personal beliefs. These individuals could claim conscientious objector status and be exempt from military service.

Traditionally, conscientious objections in the United States were only accepted from devout members of pacifist religions. However, today, the Selective Service System (SSS) has widened conscientious objection claims to include non-religious beliefs.

For instance, a person who opposes war on moral or ethical grounds can claim conscientious objector status. They must register with the SSS and testify as to the sincerity of their beliefs. If their claim is successful, they may be required to serve in a civilian position that contributes to the national health, safety, or interest of the United States.

Overall, conscientious objectors are individuals who prioritize their personal beliefs over military service and are willing to face consequences such as imprisonment for their convictions.