Legal Definitions - Court of Sweinmote

The Court of Sweinmote was a specialized medieval court in England, primarily responsible for managing and regulating activities within royal forests. Its jurisdiction covered a range of issues related to the forest's resources and the rights of those living within or near it. A key function of the Court of Sweinmote was to oversee the grazing of livestock, particularly during sensitive periods like the summer fawning season for deer, ensuring a balance between human use and the preservation of the king's deer and forest. The jury of this court was typically composed of local freeholders, known as "sweins," who held land within the forest. Over time, the court's authority expanded to address a broader array of forest-related offenses and disputes.

• Grazing Dispute: A commoner, who traditionally grazed their cattle in a specific section of the royal forest, is suddenly told by the King's Forester that they must remove their animals during the summer months. The Forester claims this is to protect newborn deer fawns. The commoner, believing they have an ancient right to graze, would bring their case before the Court of Sweinmote to argue for their traditional access. This example illustrates the court's specific role in adjudicating disputes over grazing rights, especially during sensitive periods like the deer fawning season, balancing the needs of the local populace with the preservation of the royal forest.
• Timber Rights for Repairs: A freeholder whose cottage is located within the bounds of the royal forest needs to repair their roof after a storm. They believe they are entitled to collect a certain amount of timber from the forest for such repairs, a right known as "estovers." However, the local forest warden denies their request, citing strict regulations. The freeholder would appeal to the Court of Sweinmote to assert their customary right to timber for necessary household repairs. This scenario demonstrates the court's broader jurisdiction over various forest resources and the rights of freeholders to utilize them, beyond just animal grazing.
• Minor Forest Infraction: A villager is accused by a forest official of allowing their pigs to root around in a restricted area of the forest, causing damage to young saplings. While not a major poaching offense, it is a breach of forest regulations. The villager would be summoned to appear before the Court of Sweinmote to answer for the alleged transgression and potentially face a fine or other penalty. This example highlights the Court of Sweinmote's function in enforcing general forest laws and handling minor infractions committed by those living within or near the forest, maintaining order and protecting its resources.