Legal Definitions - custos placitorum coronae

The Latin term custos placitorum coronae translates to "keeper of the pleas of the crown." Historically, this referred to an official, most notably the coroner, whose primary duty was to safeguard records of certain legal inquiries or "pleas" that directly concerned the interests of the monarch or the state. These inquiries often involved matters such as sudden or suspicious deaths, or the discovery of treasure trove, where the Crown had a direct legal or financial claim.

This role was crucial in ensuring that matters affecting the Crown's peace, justice, and property were properly investigated, documented, and preserved.

• Example 1: Investigating a Suspicious Death

  Imagine a scenario in medieval England where a merchant is found deceased under mysterious circumstances on a public highway. The local official acting as the custos placitorum coronae would be responsible for conducting an immediate inquiry. This would involve gathering witnesses, examining the scene, and formally recording all findings, including any evidence of foul play or the identity of potential culprits. This detailed record served as a "plea of the crown," documenting the state's interest in maintaining law and order and ensuring justice, with the official acting as the keeper of these vital records for the Crown.

• Example 2: Documenting a Treasure Trove Discovery

  Consider a farmer tilling his land who unearths a buried chest filled with ancient silver coins and valuable artifacts. The custos placitorum coronae would be summoned to investigate this discovery. Their duty would be to hold an inquest to determine if the find constituted "treasure trove" – meaning it was hidden with the intention of recovery, and its original owner could not be identified. If confirmed, the treasure would legally belong to the Crown. The official would meticulously document every aspect of the discovery, the witnesses present, and the outcome of the inquiry, thereby safeguarding the Crown's legal claim and financial interest in the valuable find.