Simple English definitions for legal terms
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Filibuster: When people in a group use tricky ways to stop a decision from being made, especially in a big group that makes laws. They might talk for a really long time without stopping, or keep suggesting changes to the decision so that it takes forever to decide. This can make it really hard for the group to make a decision. In the United States, the Senate has a rule that allows one person to talk for a really long time to stop a decision from being made, unless two-thirds of the group agree to stop them. This can make it really hard for the Senate to pass laws.
Filibuster is a tactic used to delay action, especially in a legislative body. It involves continuous speeches or proposing endless amendments to extend debate indefinitely.
In the United States, the Senate is notorious for being prevented from passing legislation due to filibusters. A single senator can filibuster a piece of legislation unless a two-thirds majority of the Senate agrees to end the filibuster.
For example, if a senator opposes a bill, they can talk until the bill is withdrawn. If 41 or more senators threaten a filibuster, the bill will be withdrawn without anyone having to continuously give speeches.
This procedural tool is often used to prevent major pieces of legislation from passing the Senate unless one of the many exceptions to the filibuster applies, such as for appropriations.