A more thorough explanation:

Vexatious litigation

Vexatious litigation is when someone starts a legal case without a good reason, just to bother or cause trouble for the other person. The person starting the case knows or should know that they don't have a good case. This can cause the other person to spend a lot of money on legal fees. If someone is a victim of vexatious litigation, they can file a claim for malicious prosecution.

Example 1: John is angry at his neighbor, Sarah, for playing loud music at night. Instead of talking to her about it, he decides to sue her for noise pollution, even though he knows that the music is not that loud. This is an example of vexatious litigation because John is starting a legal case without a good reason, just to bother Sarah.

Example 2: Mary is a business owner who is being sued by a former employee for wrongful termination. The employee knows that they were fired for a good reason, but they are still suing Mary just to cause trouble for her. This is an example of vexatious litigation because the employee is starting a legal case without a good reason, just to bother Mary.

These examples illustrate how vexatious litigation is started with malicious intent and without a good case. The person starting the case knows or should know that they don't have a good reason to sue, but they do it anyway to cause trouble for the other person. This can be very unfair and costly for the victim of vexatious litigation.