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ADICKES v. KRESS & CO.
Supreme Court of United States (1970) | 398 U.S. 144; 90 S.Ct. 1598; 26 L.Ed.2d 142
TL;DR: A white teacher was denied service at a lunch counter while with Black students and then arrested. The Supreme Court reversed summary judgment, holding the store failed to disprove a conspiracy with police, and clarified the "state-enforced custom" standard under § 1983.
Legal Significance: The case established a crucial summary judgment standard: the moving party bears the initial burden of showing the absence of a genuine issue of material fact. It also defined "custom or usage" under § 1983 as requiring state enforcement, not just private practice.