Case Citation
Legal Case Name

CAVALIER v. RANDOM HOUSE, INC. Case Brief

United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit2002
297 F.3d 815

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Case Brief Summary & Legal Analysis

General Brief
4 min read

tl;dr: Authors sued publishers for copyright infringement, alleging children’s books copied their submitted works. The court found the overall stories were not substantially similar, but held that two specific illustrations—a moon night light and stars on clouds—were similar enough to proceed to trial.

Legal Significance: This case illustrates the Ninth Circuit’s application of the extrinsic/intrinsic test for substantial similarity, demonstrating that even if a work as a whole is non-infringing, copying discrete, protected artistic elements within the work can still constitute copyright infringement and create a triable issue of fact.

CAVALIER v. RANDOM HOUSE, INC. Law School Study Guide

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Case Facts & Court Holding

Key Facts & Case Background

Plaintiffs Wanda and Christopher Cavalier created and copyrighted children’s stories featuring an anthropomorphic moon character, Nicky Moonbeam. From 1995 to 1998, they submitted over 280 pages of materials, including stories, character designs, and illustrations, to defendants Random House and CTW. One submission included a design for a board book with a built-in ‘moon night light’ on an extended back cover. Another included an illustration of stars wearing hats while relaxing on clouds. After rejecting the Cavaliers’ submissions, the defendants published ‘Good Night, Elmo’ and ‘Good Night, Ernie,’ which were board books featuring Sesame Street characters. ‘Good Night, Elmo’ included a built-in moon night light on its extended back cover, and ‘Good Night, Ernie’ contained an illustration of stars wearing winter caps relaxing on clouds. The Cavaliers sued for copyright infringement, alleging the defendants’ books copied their protected expression. The defendants did not contest copyright ownership or access to the Cavaliers’ work, leaving substantial similarity as the sole issue.

Court Holding & Legal Precedent

Issue: Can individual artistic elements within a literary work be found substantially similar for copyright infringement purposes even when the works as a whole are not?

Yes. The court affirmed summary judgment for the defendants regarding the literary Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui o

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IRAC Legal Analysis

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Legal Issue

Can individual artistic elements within a literary work be found substantially similar for copyright infringement purposes even when the works as a whole are not?

Conclusion

This case serves as a key precedent on the granularity of copyright Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo conseq

Legal Rule

To establish copyright infringement, a plaintiff must prove ownership and copying. Copying Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse

Legal Analysis

The court applied the Ninth Circuit's two-part substantial similarity test. First, analyzing Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut

Flash-to-Full Case Opinions

Flash Summary

  • A work can be non-infringing as a whole, but still infringe
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepte

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