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Consumer Financial Protection v. Seila Law LLC Case Brief
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Case Brief Summary & Legal Analysis
tl;dr: A law firm challenged an investigation by the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB), arguing the agency’s structure was unconstitutional. The Ninth Circuit, bound by precedent, upheld the structure, finding the for-cause removal protection for the CFPB’s single Director did not violate separation of powers.
Legal Significance: This case represents a key circuit court application of Humphrey’s Executor and Morrison v. Olson to a modern independent agency with a single-director structure, upholding for-cause removal protections and setting the stage for Supreme Court review on the separation of powers question.
Consumer Financial Protection v. Seila Law LLC Law School Study Guide
Use this case brief structure for your own legal analysis. Focus on the IRAC methodology to excel in law school exams and cold calls.
Case Facts & Court Holding
Key Facts & Case Background
The Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB), an independent executive agency, initiated an investigation into Seila Law LLC. As part of its investigation, the CFPB issued a civil investigative demand (CID) requiring Seila Law to produce documents and answer interrogatories. Seila Law refused to comply. The CFPB is established by the Consumer Financial Protection Act and is led by a single Director, appointed by the President and confirmed by the Senate for a five-year term. Crucially, the governing statute provides that the President may only remove the Director for “inefficiency, neglect of duty, or malfeasance in office,” a for-cause removal restriction. Seila Law challenged the CID’s enforcement by arguing that this structure, vesting substantial executive power in a single director insulated from at-will presidential removal, violates the constitutional separation of powers under Article II. The district court ordered enforcement of the CID, and Seila Law appealed.
Court Holding & Legal Precedent
Issue: Does a federal statute creating an independent agency led by a single Director, who is removable by the President only for cause, violate the constitutional separation of powers?
No. The for-cause removal restriction for the single Director of the CFPB Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat c
IRAC Legal Analysis
Complete IRAC Analysis for Higher Grades
IRAC (Issue, Rule, Analysis, Conclusion) is the exact format professors want to see in your exam answers. Our exclusive Flash-to-Full briefs combine holding, analysis, and rule statements formatted to match what A+ students produce in exams. These structured briefs help reinforce the essential legal reasoning patterns expected in law school.
Legal Issue
Does a federal statute creating an independent agency led by a single Director, who is removable by the President only for cause, violate the constitutional separation of powers?
Conclusion
The decision affirmed the constitutionality of the CFPB's single-director, for-cause removal structure Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam,
Legal Rule
Under *Humphrey's Executor v. United States*, 295 U.S. 602 (1935), and *Morrison Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugi
Legal Analysis
The Ninth Circuit concluded that the CFPB's structure was constitutionally permissible by Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim
Flash-to-Full Case Opinions
Flash Summary
- The CFPB’s structure, led by a single Director removable only for