Case Citation
Legal Case Name

ESTELLE v. GAMBLE Case Brief

Supreme Court of United States1976
429 U.S. 97 97 S.Ct. 285 50 L.Ed.2d 251

Why Top Law Students (And Those Aspiring to Be) Use LSD+ Briefs

Let's be real, law school is a marathon. Our exclusive Flash-to-Full case system is designed by Harvard Law School and MIT grads to match your pace: Quick summaries when you're slammed, detailed analysis when you need to go deep. Only LSD+ offers this kind of flexibility to genuinely fit your study flow.

Adaptive Case Views

Toggle between Flash, Standard, and Expanded. Get what you need, when you need it.

Exam-Ready IRAC Format

We deliver the precise structure professors look for in exam answers.

Complex Cases, Clarified

We break down dense legal reasoning into something digestible, helping you grasp core concepts.

Case Brief Summary & Legal Analysis

General Brief
3 min read

tl;dr: The Supreme Court held that deliberate indifference by prison officials to a prisoner’s serious medical needs constitutes cruel and unusual punishment under the Eighth Amendment, actionable under § 1983, but mere negligence or medical malpractice does not.

Legal Significance: This landmark case established the “deliberate indifference” standard for Eighth Amendment claims concerning medical care for prisoners, distinguishing constitutional violations from ordinary torts like medical malpractice.

ESTELLE v. GAMBLE Law School Study Guide

Use this case brief structure for your own legal analysis. Focus on the IRAC methodology to excel in law school exams and cold calls.

Case Facts & Court Holding

Key Facts & Case Background

Respondent J. W. Gamble, a Texas prison inmate, injured his back during a work assignment. He filed a § 1983 civil rights action alleging that prison officials, including petitioner Estelle (Director of Corrections) and Dr. Gray (medical director), subjected him to cruel and unusual punishment by failing to provide adequate medical treatment. Gamble alleged numerous visits to medical personnel over three months, receiving diagnoses of a lower back strain and prescriptions for pain relievers and muscle relaxants. He contended that more diagnostic tests, like an X-ray, should have been performed and that the treatment was inadequate, resulting in continued pain. He also alleged delays in receiving prescribed medication and being forced to work despite his condition. The District Court dismissed the complaint for failure to state a claim. The Court of Appeals reversed.

Court Holding & Legal Precedent

Issue: Does deliberate indifference by prison officials to a prisoner’s serious medical needs constitute cruel and unusual punishment in violation of the Eighth Amendment, thereby stating a cause of action under 42 U.S.C. § 1983?

Yes, deliberate indifference to a prisoner’s serious medical needs violates the Eighth Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat

Master Every Case Faster

Unlock premium legal analysis that helps you quickly understand complex cases, designed by Harvard Law and MIT graduates. It's about working smarter, not just harder.

Start 14-Day Free Trial

Thousands of students are already saving time and gaining clarity. Why not you?

IRAC Legal Analysis

Premium Feature Unlock

Complete IRAC Analysis for Higher Grades

IRAC (Issue, Rule, Analysis, Conclusion) is the exact format professors want to see in your exam answers. Our exclusive Flash-to-Full briefs combine holding, analysis, and rule statements formatted to match what A+ students produce in exams. These structured briefs help reinforce the essential legal reasoning patterns expected in law school.

Legal Issue

Does deliberate indifference by prison officials to a prisoner’s serious medical needs constitute cruel and unusual punishment in violation of the Eighth Amendment, thereby stating a cause of action under 42 U.S.C. § 1983?

Conclusion

Estelle v. Gamble is a foundational case in prisoners' rights litigation, establishing Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo co

Legal Rule

Deliberate indifference to serious medical needs of prisoners constitutes the "unnecessary and Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pa

Legal Analysis

The Court reasoned that the Eighth Amendment, prohibiting cruel and unusual punishments, Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna al

Flash-to-Full Case Opinions

Flash Summary

  • The Eighth Amendment is violated by **“deliberate indifference to serious medical
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure d

Master Every Case Faster

Unlock premium legal analysis that helps you quickly understand complex cases, designed by Harvard Law and MIT graduates. It's about working smarter, not just harder.

Start 14-Day Free Trial

Thousands of students are already saving time and gaining clarity. Why not you?

You win some, you lose some, and some you just bill by the hour.

✨ Enjoy an ad-free experience with LSD+