Case Citation
Legal Case Name

Farmer v. Brennan Case Brief

Supreme Court of the United States1994Docket #352024
128 L. Ed. 2d 811 114 S. Ct. 1970 511 U.S. 825 1994 U.S. LEXIS 4274 Constitutional Law Civil Rights Litigation Criminal Law Torts

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Case Brief Summary & Legal Analysis

General Brief
3 min read

tl;dr: A transsexual inmate sued prison officials after being assaulted, claiming an Eighth Amendment violation. The Supreme Court held that “deliberate indifference” requires officials to have subjective knowledge of a substantial risk of serious harm and to disregard that risk, establishing a criminal recklessness standard.

Legal Significance: This case established the subjective standard for “deliberate indifference” under the Eighth Amendment, requiring a plaintiff to prove a prison official had actual awareness of a substantial risk of harm. It rejected an objective “should have known” test for prison conditions claims.

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Case Facts & Court Holding

Key Facts & Case Background

Petitioner Dee Farmer, a pre-operative transsexual inmate who projected feminine characteristics, was transferred to a high-security federal penitentiary and placed in its general population. The penitentiary was known to have a violent environment. Within two weeks, Farmer was beaten and raped by another inmate. Farmer filed a Bivens action against prison officials, alleging they violated the Eighth Amendment by being deliberately indifferent to the substantial risk of serious harm. Farmer contended that officials knew of the penitentiary’s violent nature and that an inmate with feminine characteristics would be particularly vulnerable to sexual assault. The district court granted summary judgment for the officials, concluding they lacked the requisite “actual knowledge” of a potential danger to Farmer, in part because Farmer never expressed any specific concern for safety to them. The Court of Appeals affirmed. The Supreme Court granted certiorari to resolve a circuit split over the proper test for deliberate indifference.

Court Holding & Legal Precedent

Issue: Does a prison official’s “deliberate indifference” to a substantial risk of serious harm to an inmate, in violation of the Eighth Amendment’s Cruel and Unusual Punishments Clause, require a showing that the official had subjective knowledge of the risk?

Yes. The Court held that “deliberate indifference” entails a subjective state of Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cill

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IRAC Legal Analysis

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IRAC (Issue, Rule, Analysis, Conclusion) is the exact format professors want to see in your exam answers. Our exclusive Flash-to-Full briefs combine holding, analysis, and rule statements formatted to match what A+ students produce in exams. These structured briefs help reinforce the essential legal reasoning patterns expected in law school.

Legal Issue

Does a prison official’s “deliberate indifference” to a substantial risk of serious harm to an inmate, in violation of the Eighth Amendment’s Cruel and Unusual Punishments Clause, require a showing that the official had subjective knowledge of the risk?

Conclusion

This decision solidified the subjective culpability requirement for Eighth Amendment prison conditions Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullam

Legal Rule

A prison official violates the Eighth Amendment's prohibition on cruel and unusual Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse

Legal Analysis

The Court, in an opinion by Justice Souter, grounded its reasoning in Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut

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Flash Summary

  • The Eighth Amendment standard for “deliberate indifference” in prison conditions cases
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in volupt

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