Case Citation
Legal Case Name

Heckler v. Chaney Case Brief

Supreme Court of the United States1985Docket #339866
84 L. Ed. 2d 714 105 S. Ct. 1649 470 U.S. 821 1985 U.S. LEXIS 78 53 U.S.L.W. 4385 15 Envtl. L. Rep. (Envtl. Law Inst.) 20335 Administrative Law Federal Courts Constitutional Law

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Case Brief Summary & Legal Analysis

General Brief
3 min read

tl;dr: Death row inmates petitioned the FDA to stop the use of certain drugs for lethal injection. The Supreme Court held that the FDA’s refusal to take enforcement action was an exercise of agency discretion that is presumptively unreviewable by courts.

Legal Significance: This case establishes a strong presumption that an agency’s decision not to undertake an enforcement action is “committed to agency discretion by law” under the Administrative Procedure Act (APA) and is therefore immune from judicial review.

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Case Facts & Court Holding

Key Facts & Case Background

Respondents, prison inmates sentenced to death by lethal injection, petitioned the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), alleging that the use of certain drugs for executions violated the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FDCA). They claimed the drugs were “misbranded” and constituted an unapproved use of a “new drug” because they were not tested or approved for this purpose. The inmates requested that the FDA take various enforcement actions, including seizing the drugs and recommending prosecution of distributors. The FDA Commissioner refused the request, citing both unclear jurisdiction and the agency’s “inherent discretion to decline to pursue certain enforcement matters.” The FDA stated that it generally initiates enforcement only when there is a serious danger to public health or a blatant scheme to defraud, neither of which it found present. The inmates sued to compel FDA action. The Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit held the FDA’s refusal was reviewable and an abuse of discretion. The Supreme Court granted certiorari.

Court Holding & Legal Precedent

Issue: Is an administrative agency’s decision not to take a requested enforcement action presumptively unreviewable by the courts as an action “committed to agency discretion by law” under the Administrative Procedure Act?

The FDA’s decision not to take the requested enforcement actions is not Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pari

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IRAC Legal Analysis

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Legal Issue

Is an administrative agency’s decision not to take a requested enforcement action presumptively unreviewable by the courts as an action “committed to agency discretion by law” under the Administrative Procedure Act?

Conclusion

This decision significantly limits judicial oversight of agency inaction by creating a Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Du

Legal Rule

An agency's decision not to take enforcement action is presumptively unreviewable under Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit i

Legal Analysis

The Court's analysis centered on § 701(a)(2) of the APA, which exempts Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor

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Flash Summary

  • An agency’s decision not to take enforcement action is presumptively unreviewable
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in volupt

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