Case Citation
Legal Case Name

Lochner v. New York Case Brief

Supreme Court of the United States1905Docket #695825
198 U.S. 45 25 S. Ct. 539 49 L. Ed. 937 1905 U.S. LEXIS 1153 Constitutional Law Labor Law Administrative Law Labor and Employment Law

Why Top Law Students (And Those Aspiring to Be) Use LSD+ Briefs

Let's be real, law school is a marathon. Our exclusive Flash-to-Full case system is designed by Harvard Law School and MIT grads to match your pace: Quick summaries when you're slammed, detailed analysis when you need to go deep. Only LSD+ offers this kind of flexibility to genuinely fit your study flow.

Adaptive Case Views

Toggle between Flash, Standard, and Expanded. Get what you need, when you need it.

Exam-Ready IRAC Format

We deliver the precise structure professors look for in exam answers.

Complex Cases, Clarified

We break down dense legal reasoning into something digestible, helping you grasp core concepts.

Case Brief Summary & Legal Analysis

General Brief
4 min read

tl;dr: The Supreme Court struck down a New York law limiting bakers’ work hours, holding that it violated the “liberty of contract” protected by the Fourteenth Amendment’s Due Process Clause and was not a legitimate exercise of state police power.

Legal Significance: This case is the namesake of the “Lochner era,” a period where the Supreme Court used substantive due process to invalidate economic regulations. It represents a high-water mark for the “liberty of contract” doctrine and judicial activism in economic matters.

Lochner v. New York Law School Study Guide

Use this case brief structure for your own legal analysis. Focus on the IRAC methodology to excel in law school exams and cold calls.

Case Facts & Court Holding

Key Facts & Case Background

The State of New York enacted the Bakeshop Act of 1897, a labor law that, among other provisions, prohibited employers from requiring or permitting employees in bakeries or confectionery establishments to work more than 60 hours in one week or more than 10 hours in one day. Joseph Lochner, the owner of a bakery in Utica, New York, was indicted and convicted for violating this statute by permitting an employee to work more than 60 hours in one week. Lochner challenged his conviction, arguing that the New York law was unconstitutional. He contended that the statute interfered with the freedom of contract between employer and employee, a right protected as part of the “liberty” guaranteed by the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. The New York courts upheld the conviction, reasoning that the law was a valid exercise of the state’s police power to protect the health of bakery workers. The case was appealed to the Supreme Court of the United States to determine the constitutionality of the state’s economic regulation.

Court Holding & Legal Precedent

Issue: Does a state law limiting the working hours of bakery employees constitute an arbitrary interference with the liberty of contract protected by the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment, or is it a valid exercise of the state’s police power?

Yes. The Court held that the New York law was an unconstitutional Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia

Master Every Case Faster

Unlock premium legal analysis that helps you quickly understand complex cases, designed by Harvard Law and MIT graduates. It's about working smarter, not just harder.

Start 14-Day Free Trial

Thousands of students are already saving time and gaining clarity. Why not you?

IRAC Legal Analysis

Premium Feature Unlock

Complete IRAC Analysis for Higher Grades

IRAC (Issue, Rule, Analysis, Conclusion) is the exact format professors want to see in your exam answers. Our exclusive Flash-to-Full briefs combine holding, analysis, and rule statements formatted to match what A+ students produce in exams. These structured briefs help reinforce the essential legal reasoning patterns expected in law school.

Legal Issue

Does a state law limiting the working hours of bakery employees constitute an arbitrary interference with the liberty of contract protected by the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment, or is it a valid exercise of the state’s police power?

Conclusion

Lochner v. New York established the "liberty of contract" as a fundamental Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum d

Legal Rule

The general right to make a contract in relation to one's business Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia

Legal Analysis

The majority, led by Justice Peckham, established that the "liberty of contract" Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veni

Flash-to-Full Case Opinions

Flash Summary

  • The Supreme Court struck down a New York law limiting bakers’
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in

Master Every Case Faster

Unlock premium legal analysis that helps you quickly understand complex cases, designed by Harvard Law and MIT graduates. It's about working smarter, not just harder.

Start 14-Day Free Trial

Thousands of students are already saving time and gaining clarity. Why not you?

The end of law is not to abolish or restrain, but to preserve and enlarge freedom.

✨ Enjoy an ad-free experience with LSD+