Case Citation
Legal Case Name

PAUL v. DAVIS Case Brief

Supreme Court of United States1976
424 U.S. 693 96 S.Ct. 1155 47 L.Ed.2d 405 Constitutional Law Federal Courts Civil Rights Litigation Torts

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Case Brief Summary & Legal Analysis

General Brief
3 min read

tl;dr: Police distributed a flyer identifying a man as an “active shoplifter.” The Supreme Court held that reputational harm alone, without the loss of a more tangible interest created by state law, is not a deprivation of “liberty” or “property” under the Fourteenth Amendment’s Due Process Clause.

Legal Significance: This case established the “stigma-plus” test, requiring that government defamation be accompanied by the alteration or extinguishment of a separate, state-recognized right or status to trigger the procedural protections of the Due Process Clause. It significantly narrowed the scope of constitutionally protected liberty interests.

PAUL v. DAVIS Law School Study Guide

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Case Facts & Court Holding

Key Facts & Case Background

Police chiefs in Louisville, Kentucky, distributed a flyer to approximately 800 local merchants identifying individuals as “Active Shoplifters.” The flyer included the name and photograph of respondent, Edward Davis, who had previously been arrested for shoplifting. At the time the flyer was circulated, the charge against Davis was still pending; it was dismissed shortly thereafter. Davis, a newspaper photographer, was confronted by his supervisor about the flyer but was not terminated from his employment. Davis filed a suit under 42 U.S.C. § 1983, alleging that the police chiefs’ action of publicly branding him a criminal without a hearing deprived him of liberty and property interests protected by the Fourteenth Amendment. He claimed the stigma would inhibit his daily life and impair future employment opportunities. The core of his claim was that the government’s defamatory action, standing alone, violated his constitutional rights.

Court Holding & Legal Precedent

Issue: Does a state official’s defamation of an individual, which damages their reputation but does not alter or extinguish a right or status previously recognized by state law, constitute a deprivation of “liberty” or “property” sufficient to invoke the procedural protections of the Fourteenth Amendment’s Due Process Clause?

No. The Court held that the petitioners’ defamatory publications did not deprive Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in c

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Legal Issue

Does a state official’s defamation of an individual, which damages their reputation but does not alter or extinguish a right or status previously recognized by state law, constitute a deprivation of “liberty” or “property” sufficient to invoke the procedural protections of the Fourteenth Amendment’s Due Process Clause?

Conclusion

This decision established the influential "stigma-plus" doctrine, which significantly limits procedural due Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, qui

Legal Rule

Reputation alone, apart from some more tangible interest such as employment, is Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in cu

Legal Analysis

Writing for the majority, Justice Rehnquist reasoned that the Due Process Clause Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culp

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Flash Summary

  • Defamation by a state official, by itself, does not constitute a
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non

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