A more thorough explanation:

Ancient law refers to the legal systems and practices of ancient societies, which are studied from an anthropological perspective or as precursors to modern law. It is characterized by strict adherence to formalities and rituals, even if their original meaning has been forgotten.

For example, in ancient societies, legal transactions such as the sale of property had to be conducted with great formality. Every gesture, word, and witness had to be present and accounted for, or the transaction would be considered null and void. This meant that even seemingly insignificant details, such as the way a person handed over a piece of property, had to be done correctly.

These formalities were seen as essential to ensure that legal transactions were conducted fairly and that everyone involved understood the consequences of their actions. While modern legal systems have evolved to be less formal, the study of ancient law provides valuable insights into the origins of legal practices and the ways in which societies have sought to regulate behavior.