A more thorough explanation:

A bill of exceptions is a formal written document that a party submits to object to a judge's decision or relevant evidence presented during a trial. It is a way for a party to challenge a ruling made by the judge during the trial. The bill of exceptions should include the party's objections and the basis for their objections. It must be signed by the judge and filed with the court of appeals.

For example, if a defendant in a criminal trial objects to the admission of certain evidence, they can file a bill of exceptions to challenge the judge's decision to allow the evidence. The bill of exceptions would outline the defendant's objections and the reasons why they believe the evidence should not have been admitted.

In modern civil litigation, the bill of exceptions has been replaced by the practice of parties filing a direct appeal. However, it still applies in some state courts.