Legal Definitions - border patrol

The term Border Patrol refers to the uniformed law enforcement arm of Customs and Border Protection (CBP), which is a federal agency within the U.S. Department of Homeland Security.

The U.S. Border Patrol is primarily responsible for securing U.S. land and coastal borders between official ports of entry. Its mission includes detecting and preventing the unlawful entry of people and goods into the United States, combating drug smuggling, and enforcing immigration laws in border regions. Border Patrol agents operate in diverse environments, from remote deserts and mountains to rivers, lakes, and coastal areas, as well as at interior checkpoints.

• Example 1: Land Border Interdiction

  A Border Patrol agent, while patrolling a remote section of the U.S.-Mexico border in Arizona, discovers a camouflaged vehicle attempting to drive through a rugged canyon. The agent intercepts the vehicle and finds it loaded with several individuals who lack legal authorization to enter the United States. The agent detains the individuals and the driver, initiating proceedings for immigration violations and potential human smuggling charges.

  This example illustrates the Border Patrol's role in actively monitoring and interdicting unlawful entry attempts across land borders between designated crossing points.

• Example 2: Coastal Enforcement

  A Border Patrol marine unit, operating a high-speed interceptor vessel, detects a suspicious boat approaching the Florida coastline from international waters under the cover of darkness. The agents pursue and board the vessel, discovering a large quantity of illicit narcotics hidden within its hull. The crew members are apprehended, and the drugs are seized.

  This demonstrates the Border Patrol's responsibility for securing coastal borders and waterways, preventing the smuggling of contraband and illegal entry by sea.

• Example 3: Interior Checkpoint Operation

  At a temporary Border Patrol checkpoint established on a highway several miles north of the U.S.-Canada border in Vermont, agents stop vehicles to briefly question occupants about their citizenship and travel plans. During one such stop, an agent identifies a passenger who is found to have an outstanding felony warrant for drug trafficking. The individual is arrested and turned over to local law enforcement.

  This highlights the Border Patrol's authority to operate within a reasonable distance from the border, including setting up checkpoints, to enforce immigration laws and detect criminal activity that may be linked to border crossings.