Legal Definitions - C.B.

C.B. is an abbreviation that historically referred to two distinct legal concepts in England:

• Common Bench

  This term refers to the Court of Common Bench, also known as the Court of Common Pleas. It was one of the central superior courts in England, primarily responsible for hearing civil disputes between private citizens, such as property disagreements or contract disputes, rather than cases involving the Crown.

  • Example 1: A researcher examining ancient English land records might discover a document from the 15th century stating that a boundary dispute was settled "before the Justices of the C.B."
  • Explanation 1: In this context, "C.B." indicates that the case was heard and resolved by the Court of Common Bench, highlighting its historical role in adjudicating civil matters between individuals.
• Chief Baron of the Exchequer

  Historically, this was the title of the presiding judge of the Court of Exchequer. The Court of Exchequer originally managed royal finances and revenue but later expanded its jurisdiction to include common law cases, similar to the Court of Common Bench.

  • Example 2: While studying the legal reforms of the 18th century, a student might read about Sir John Comyns, a prominent jurist who served as the "C.B. of the Exchequer" and authored influential legal reports.
  • Explanation 2: Here, "C.B." identifies Sir John Comyns as the chief judge of the Court of Exchequer, illustrating a specific high-ranking judicial office within the historical English court system.