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Simple English definitions for legal terms

canfara

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A quick definition of canfara:

Canfara was a way of determining if someone was guilty or innocent by subjecting them to a dangerous or painful physical test, such as holding a hot piece of metal or being submerged in cold water. People believed that God would reveal the truth through the outcome of the ordeal. This practice was used in Europe until the 13th century, but was eventually forbidden by the Fourth Lateran Council. Other types of ordeals included the bread-and-cheese ordeal and the ordeal of the morsel. Single ordeals were prescribed for less serious crimes, while triple ordeals were for more serious crimes.

A more thorough explanation:

Definition: Canfara is a trial by hot iron that was used in England in the past. It was a primitive form of trial where an accused person was subjected to a dangerous or painful physical test, and the result was considered a divine revelation of the person's guilt or innocence. The participants believed that God would reveal a person's culpability by protecting an innocent person from some or all consequences of the ordeal. The ordeal was commonly used in Europe until the 13th century, but only sporadically after 1215, when the Fourth Lateran Council forbade the clergy from participating in ordeals.

Examples:

  • Ordeal by fire: An ordeal in which the accused person was forced to hold a piece of hot metal or to walk barefoot across a hot surface, the judgment of guilt or innocence depending on how quickly and cleanly the person's hands or feet healed. Typically the person's hand was bandaged and, upon the bandage's removal three days later, was examined for festers (indicating guilt).
  • Ordeal by water: An ordeal in which guilt or innocence depended on whether the accused person floated or sank after being submerged in cold water. A priest would first consecrate the pool of water, adjuring it to receive the innocent but reject the guilty. An accused who sank was declared innocent; one who floated was adjudged guilty because floating revealed the water's (and therefore God's) rejection of the person.
  • Ordeal of the morsel: An ordeal in which the person who was to make the proof was given a one-ounce piece of bread or cheese that a priest had solemnly charged to stick in the throat of the guilty. A person who choked was declared guilty; a person who did not was declared innocent.

The examples illustrate how the ordeal worked and how guilt or innocence was determined. In the ordeal by fire, the accused person had to hold a hot metal or walk barefoot across a hot surface, and the judgment of guilt or innocence depended on how quickly and cleanly the person's hands or feet healed. In the ordeal by water, the accused person had to float or sink after being submerged in cold water, and the judgment of guilt or innocence depended on whether the person floated or sank. In the ordeal of the morsel, the person who was to make the proof was given a piece of bread or cheese that a priest had charged to stick in the throat of the guilty, and the judgment of guilt or innocence depended on whether the person choked or not.

Candlemas | canon

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THATS SO FUNNY
i cant i would go crazy
JumpySubsequentDolphin
20:50
i need to know who decided to do that.
JumpySubsequentDolphin
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omg im on a plane weeeee
the devil
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yo splitterus are you in school already
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it says ur c/o 2027
JumpySubsequentDolphin
20:51
@SplitterusClitterus: HAHAH yes
ur user is hilarioussss and no i just graduated this may and am now applying ---also im out of messages so ill take a lil
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im back, r u applying this cycle too
JumpySubsequentDolphin
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this child fell asleep on me
JumpySubsequentDolphin
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im so uncomfortable
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JumpySubsequentDolphin
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LMAOOOO
JumpySubsequentDolphin
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no he’s literally like 8 and he fully just put his head on my bicep and slept
JumpySubsequentDolphin
21:35
he has since moved
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@SplitterusClitterus: me yesterday
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i just went into a discord vc and yelled "YALL I JUST GOT INTO J.M. SCHOOL OF LAW"
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people were getting excited :sob:
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JumpySubsequentDolphin
22:39
@splitty Oregon!
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JumpySubsequentDolphin
22:45
haha my brother and sister in law live there
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