Legal Definitions - civil society

Civil society refers to the collective of non-governmental, non-market organizations and institutions that manifest the will of citizens. It encompasses a wide array of voluntary associations, groups, and networks that operate independently of the government and for-profit businesses. These entities typically pursue shared interests, values, or goals, often advocating for causes, providing public services, or building community connections.

Here are some examples illustrating the concept of civil society:

• Example 1: Environmental Advocacy Group

  Imagine a local organization called "Green City Advocates" that forms in a community. This group is composed of volunteers who are concerned about air pollution from a nearby factory. They organize public awareness campaigns, lobby local government officials for stricter environmental regulations, and conduct community clean-up drives. "Green City Advocates" is not a government agency, nor is it a business seeking profit. It is a voluntary association of citizens working together to achieve a shared goal (a cleaner environment) and influence public policy, which is a classic function of civil society.

• Example 2: Community Food Bank Network

  Consider a network of food banks operating across a state, collecting donated food from individuals and businesses and distributing it to families and individuals experiencing food insecurity. These food banks rely heavily on volunteers for sorting and distribution, and their operations are funded by charitable donations and grants, not by selling goods or services. This network provides a crucial social service that the government might not fully cover, and it does so through voluntary, non-profit efforts by citizens and community members, exemplifying civil society's role in addressing societal needs.

• Example 3: Professional Medical Association

  A national association for pediatricians, for instance, provides continuing education for its members, publishes research, develops ethical guidelines for medical practice, and advocates for policies that improve child health. While its members are professionals, the association itself is not a government body regulating doctors, nor is it a for-profit company. It is a voluntary organization formed by professionals to advance their field, uphold standards, and advocate for public good related to their expertise, demonstrating civil society's role in professional self-regulation and advocacy.