Legal Definitions - cyberstalking

Cyberstalking refers to the repeated use of electronic communication, such as emails, social media, or messaging applications, to harass, threaten, or intimidate another person. This behavior often involves a persistent pattern of unwanted contact intended to cause the victim to fear for their safety, the safety of their family, or to suffer significant emotional distress.

• Example 1: After a difficult breakup, Mark's former partner, Emily, begins sending him dozens of unwanted emails and direct messages daily. These messages escalate from pleading to angry, then to veiled threats about knowing Mark's daily routine and mentioning harm to his new pet. Emily also creates fake social media profiles to post disparaging comments about Mark on public forums, tagging his friends and family.

  Explanation: This scenario illustrates cyberstalking because Emily is using multiple electronic channels (email, direct messages, social media) to repeatedly harass and threaten Mark. The content of her messages, particularly the veiled threats and demonstration of knowledge about his personal life, is clearly intended to instill fear in Mark for his personal safety and the well-being of his pet.

• Example 2: A disgruntled former employee, David, creates several anonymous social media accounts and uses them to relentlessly send threatening direct messages and public posts to his former manager, Sarah. David's messages include false accusations, insults, and threats to expose fabricated personal information, causing Sarah severe anxiety and fear for her professional reputation and personal life.

  Explanation: This constitutes cyberstalking as David is engaging in a persistent pattern of harassment and threats through electronic means (multiple social media accounts). His intent is to cause Sarah significant emotional distress and fear, impacting her professional standing and personal well-being, which aligns with the definition of the term.

• Example 3: A small business owner, Maria, starts receiving anonymous emails and messages through her business website's contact form. These messages, sent frequently over several weeks, contain specific threats to sabotage her online store, spread false negative reviews, and even mention the names of her children, implying they could be harmed if she doesn't shut down her business.

  Explanation: This is cyberstalking because an unknown individual is using electronic communication (email, website contact form) in a repeated and threatening manner. The messages are designed to intimidate Maria and cause her to fear for her business, her reputation, and the safety of her family, demonstrating the core elements of the offense.