Legal Definitions - decolonization

Decolonization refers to the historical and legal process through which a territory that has been controlled and governed by a foreign power (known as a colony) achieves self-governance and ultimately full independence.

This process involves the former colonial power formally relinquishing its authority, sovereignty, and administrative control over the territory, allowing the people of the former colony to establish their own independent government and determine their own future.

• India's Independence from British Rule: After centuries of British control, India underwent a significant decolonization process in 1947. The British government formally transferred power, leading to the creation of the independent nations of India and Pakistan. This act marked the end of British colonial rule and allowed the people of these territories to establish their own sovereign governments and national identities.

• Angola's Independence from Portugal: In 1975, Angola achieved independence from Portugal after a long period of colonial rule and a subsequent war of independence. Portugal formally recognized Angola's sovereignty and withdrew its administrative and military presence. This allowed Angola to form its own government, write its own constitution, and manage its own affairs as an independent nation-state.

• Namibia's Independence from South Africa: Namibia, formerly known as South West Africa, was administered by South Africa under a League of Nations mandate and later effectively as a colony. Following decades of international pressure and a liberation struggle, South Africa eventually agreed to withdraw its administration. In 1990, Namibia achieved full independence, establishing its own democratic government and taking its place as a sovereign member of the international community. This marked the end of foreign control and the beginning of self-determination for the Namibian people.