Legal Definitions - DRE

A DRE stands for Drug-Recognition Expert.

A Drug-Recognition Expert (DRE) is a law enforcement officer who has received specialized training to identify individuals who are impaired by drugs. This training enables them to observe and interpret a range of physiological and behavioral indicators to determine if a person is under the influence of one or more categories of drugs, and often to identify the specific type of drug causing the impairment. DREs are frequently called upon when a person exhibits signs of impairment, but alcohol is not detected or is not the primary cause of their condition.

• Example 1: Traffic Stop Assessment

  A police officer pulls over a driver who is swerving erratically and nearly causes an accident. The driver's breathalyzer test shows no alcohol in their system, but they have noticeably dilated pupils, slurred speech, and are disoriented. The officer, suspecting drug impairment, calls for a Drug-Recognition Expert to respond to the scene. The DRE conducts a systematic evaluation, including checking the driver's vital signs, eye movements, and balance, ultimately concluding that the driver is likely impaired by a stimulant. This assessment provides crucial evidence for potential charges related to driving under the influence of drugs.

• Example 2: Post-Accident Investigation

  Following a multi-vehicle collision, one of the drivers involved appears confused, agitated, and has difficulty recalling the events leading up to the crash. Although there is no smell of alcohol, the investigating officer observes that the driver's coordination is poor and their responses are delayed. Because the investigating officer is a certified Drug-Recognition Expert, they perform a drug influence evaluation on the driver at the scene. Based on the DRE's observations of the driver's physical and mental state, they form an opinion that the driver is impaired by a depressant, which helps determine the cause of the accident and informs the legal proceedings.

• Example 3: Public Intoxication Incident

  Security personnel at a public park call the police regarding an individual who is stumbling, speaking incoherently, and appears to be falling asleep while standing. There is no odor of alcohol, leading officers to suspect drug use. A Drug-Recognition Expert is dispatched to assess the individual. The DRE performs a series of tests, including checking muscle tone and pupil size, and determines that the person is likely impaired by an opioid. This expert assessment helps guide the officers in deciding whether to pursue charges for public intoxication due to drugs or to prioritize medical attention for the individual.