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Simple English definitions for legal terms

England procedure

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A quick definition of England procedure:

The England procedure is a way for a person to bring their federal claims back to federal court after a federal court has referred the case back to state court under the Pullman abstention doctrine and the state court has adjudicated the state-court issues. This procedure was established in the case of England v. Louisiana State Bd. of Med. Examiners. Abstention is the act of withholding or keeping back something, and in the legal context, it refers to a federal court's relinquishment of jurisdiction when necessary to avoid needless conflict with a state's administration of its own affairs. There are different types of abstention, including Burford abstention, Colorado River abstention, equitable abstention, permissive abstention, Pullman abstention, and Thibodaux abstention. Younger abstention is a federal court's decision not to interfere with an ongoing state criminal proceeding or a state-court civil proceeding used to enforce the criminal law, unless the prosecution has been brought in bad faith or merely as harassment.

A more thorough explanation:

The England procedure is a legal process that allows a litigant to return to federal court after a federal court has referred a case back to state court under the Pullman abstention doctrine, and the state court has adjudicated the state-court issues. This procedure was established by the Supreme Court in the case of England v. Louisiana State Bd. of Med. Examiners in 1964.

For example, if a federal court abstains from deciding a case because it involves a complex regulatory scheme and sensitive areas of state concern, the litigant can return to federal court to have the federal claims adjudicated after the state court has resolved the state-law issues.

The England procedure is one of several types of abstention doctrines that federal courts may use to avoid needless conflict with a state's administration of its own affairs. Other types of abstention include Burford abstention, Colorado River abstention, equitable abstention, permissive abstention, Pullman abstention, Thibodaux abstention, and Younger abstention.

ENGINEERING PROCUREMENT AND CONSTRUCTION CONTRACT | English rule

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jackfrost11770
9:36
to be fair this accurately represents my mental state
KnowledgeableRitzyWasp
9:37
election day psychosis coming in hot (fordham)
jackfrost11770
9:38
usc pls pull through .....
jackfrost11770
9:38
i literally just need one A so i can relax before my ED decision
WorthlessAttractiveZombie
9:38
oh that's right USC might release
soapy
9:43
USC still has not looked at my app
WorthlessAttractiveZombie
9:43
when did you submit soapy?
soapy
9:44
10/16
WorthlessAttractiveZombie
9:44
to be fair it took them almost 2 months for me to go under review
soapy
9:44
Feelin a bit stressed, as I've got no date change for Michigan either despite applying 10/7
WorthlessAttractiveZombie
9:45
I have not had a date change either for Mich but I've seen people get in without one so who knows
TheAdoptedOne
9:46
I applied 9/25 to like 6 schools and some (Houston) have no date change yet so dw
soapy
9:46
But do people get in without addresses going long?
WorthlessAttractiveZombie
9:46
it's tough to tell because a lot of people type out their addresses long to begin with
soapy
9:46
Ah. I didn't. Looking back, my Mich supplement kind of sucks, so there's that
TheAdoptedOne
9:54
Mich overrated (Dean Z please let me in even tho i didnt apply and I am below both 25ths)
ClassyPleasantHeron
10:01
The "date changes" at Michigan really don't mean anything. We had to do them in undergrad admissions whenever a Georgia applicant picked the country instead of the state, because we'd have to remove the TOEFL requirement and reassign the application from the international application readers.
soapy
10:06
Classy, does that mean they may look at your application, and that look doesn't necessarily trigger any date change?
1a2b3c4d26z
10:06
Man
1a2b3c4d26z
10:07
Walkin to the bus
1a2b3c4d26z
10:07
What a good day to get into law school
ClassyPleasantHeron
10:11
@soapy: I don't know for sure about the law school. For undergrad, once the application is complete, it's assigned to a reader the following Monday. If we had to make any changes, it's because a reader saw something that needed to be changed and the application needed to be re-read after that change.
soapy
10:12
Ahh, got it. Thank you for the insight!
ClassyPleasantHeron
10:14
You're welcome. FWIW, I have no idea what's up with the address changes. We didn't have to do any of that, except for the Georgia state vs country kinds of things.
soapy
10:15
I've heard it theorized that some schools will change the address from "St." --> "Street" as they prepare to send out admissions packets. That's the rumor, anyways.
jackfrost11770
10:22
i think it just indicates a change in status like under review or stages of review
jackfrost11770
10:23
my stanford address went long as soon as it was marked complete lmao
soapy
10:25
I saw some Reddit adcom say that they can see any time we refresh the status checker; I wonder if it's a red flag if an applicant's checked it like 50 times in a day?
soapy
10:25
Also, can we send another LoR to a school that we've already applied to?
soapy
10:26
Or another essay?
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