Legal Definitions - Federal Bureau of Investigation

The FBI, which stands for the Federal Bureau of Investigation, is the principal investigative agency of the United States government. Operating under the U.S. Department of Justice, its primary mission is to investigate violations of federal laws across the country. The FBI handles a vast array of criminal and national security threats, unless a specific federal law or directive assigns that investigative responsibility to another federal agency.

Here are some examples of situations where the FBI would apply:

• Example 1: Cyberattack on Critical Infrastructure

  Imagine a sophisticated group of hackers, potentially backed by a foreign state, launches a cyberattack that cripples the computer systems of a major U.S. power grid, causing widespread blackouts across several states. This act would be a severe violation of federal law, impacting national security and critical infrastructure.

  How it illustrates the term: The FBI would immediately launch an investigation into this incident. Its jurisdiction covers federal crimes like cyberterrorism and attacks on critical infrastructure, especially when they cross state lines or involve international actors, making it a prime example of the agency's role in protecting national security and enforcing federal law.

• Example 2: Interstate Organized Crime

  Consider a large criminal organization that operates a human trafficking ring, moving victims across multiple state borders for exploitation. This complex operation involves numerous individuals and spans various jurisdictions.

  How it illustrates the term: Since human trafficking is a federal crime and the criminal enterprise crosses state lines, the FBI would lead the investigation. They would work to dismantle the organization, rescue victims, and prosecute those involved, demonstrating their authority over interstate criminal activity.

• Example 3: Public Corruption

  Suppose a high-ranking federal official is suspected of accepting large bribes in exchange for awarding lucrative government contracts to a specific company. This abuse of power undermines public trust and violates federal anti-corruption laws.

  How it illustrates the term: The FBI has a dedicated focus on public corruption. They would conduct a thorough investigation, often covertly, to gather evidence, expose the illicit activities, and ensure that federal officials are held accountable under federal law. This showcases their role in maintaining the integrity of government.