Legal Definitions - FF

The abbreviation ff. stands for "and the pages following."

It is commonly used in legal and academic citations to indicate that the referenced material begins on a specific page and continues across subsequent pages. When you see "ff." after a page number, it means the discussion or content you are being directed to is not confined to that single page but extends onto the pages immediately after it.

Here are some examples illustrating its use:

• Example 1: Citing a Court Opinion

  A legal brief might state: "The appellate court's reasoning regarding the admissibility of expert testimony is thoroughly examined in Doe v. Roe, 345 F.3d 678, 682 ff. (9th Cir. 2022)."

  Explanation: This means that the discussion about the admissibility of expert testimony in the Doe v. Roe case begins on page 682 of volume 345 of the Federal Reporter, Third Series, and continues onto pages 683, 684, and potentially further, within that court opinion.

• Example 2: Referencing a Scholarly Article

  In a research paper, you might read: "For a comprehensive analysis of intellectual property rights in digital media, see Professor Lee's article in the *Journal of Law and Technology*, Vol. 15, pp. 45 ff. (2021)."

  Explanation: This indicates that Professor Lee's detailed analysis of intellectual property rights in digital media starts on page 45 of the 15th volume of the *Journal of Law and Technology* and spans multiple subsequent pages within that article.

• Example 3: Directing to a Specific Section in a Policy Document

  A company's internal memo might instruct: "Please review the updated guidelines for data privacy compliance, located in Section 2.3, pages 10 ff. of the Employee Handbook."

  Explanation: This means that the complete set of updated guidelines for data privacy compliance begins on page 10 of Section 2.3 in the Employee Handbook and continues onto the following pages until the full guidelines are presented.