Legal Definitions - GMT

GMT stands for Genetic-Marker Test.

A Genetic-Marker Test (GMT) is a scientific procedure that analyzes specific segments of an individual's DNA, known as genetic markers, to identify unique patterns or characteristics within their genetic code. These tests are used in various legal contexts to establish biological relationships, identify individuals from biological samples, or sometimes assess genetic predispositions relevant to a legal case.

Here are some examples of how a Genetic-Marker Test might be applied:

• Paternity Dispute in Family Law:

  Imagine a situation where a mother files a lawsuit seeking child support, and the alleged father denies that he is the biological parent. The court might order a Genetic-Marker Test to be performed on DNA samples collected from the mother, the child, and the alleged father.

  How it illustrates GMT: The GMT compares specific genetic markers from all three individuals to determine the statistical probability of the alleged father being the biological parent. The results provide crucial scientific evidence that helps the court make an informed decision regarding paternity and, consequently, child support obligations.

• Forensic Identification in Criminal Cases:

  Consider a burglary case where investigators find a small blood stain on a broken window at the crime scene, but there are no witnesses or immediate suspects. They collect the blood sample and send it to a forensic laboratory.

  How it illustrates GMT: A Genetic-Marker Test is conducted on the blood sample to create a unique DNA profile. This profile can then be compared against DNA samples from potential suspects or searched against existing DNA databases (like CODIS in the U.S.). If a match is found, the GMT provides strong evidence linking a specific individual to the crime scene, aiding law enforcement in identifying and prosecuting the perpetrator.

• Proving Family Relationships for Immigration:

  Suppose an individual living abroad applies for a family-based immigration visa, claiming to be the biological sibling of a U.S. citizen. However, official birth certificates or other civil documents are unavailable or deemed insufficient by immigration authorities.

  How it illustrates GMT: U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) may request a Genetic-Marker Test to verify the claimed biological sibling relationship. DNA samples would be collected from both the applicant and the U.S. citizen sibling.

  How it illustrates GMT: The GMT provides scientific proof of the biological relationship, which is often a critical requirement for family reunification under immigration law. The test results help confirm the validity of the visa application by establishing the genetic link between the two individuals.