Legal Definitions - jus honorum

The term jus honorum refers to a fundamental concept in Roman law: the right of a citizen to be eligible for and hold public office.

This right encompassed various types of governmental and societal roles, including positions in civil administration, military command, and religious priesthoods. It was a crucial aspect of Roman citizenship, indicating an individual's capacity to participate actively in the governance and religious life of the state.

• Example 1: Civil Administration

  Imagine a Roman citizen, having served in the military and met the necessary age and property qualifications, decides to pursue a political career. He announces his candidacy for the position of Quaestor, an entry-level magistracy responsible for financial administration. His ability to even declare his candidacy and potentially be elected to this role is a direct manifestation of his jus honorum.

  This illustrates the term because his status as a citizen grants him the inherent right to seek and hold a civil public office within the Roman Republic or Empire.

• Example 2: Military Command

  Consider a respected Roman citizen from a prominent family who, after gaining experience, is appointed as a Legate, a high-ranking military commander responsible for leading a legion or a province. His eligibility for such a significant military leadership position, which was a public office, stemmed directly from his citizenship.

  Here, jus honorum is demonstrated by his right to hold a position of military command, a vital public office that required specific qualifications but was fundamentally open to citizens.

• Example 3: Sacred Priesthoods

  A distinguished Roman citizen, known for his piety and public service, is nominated and subsequently elected to the College of Augurs, a prestigious religious body responsible for interpreting omens and guiding state actions. This position, while religious, was considered a public office with significant political influence.

  This scenario exemplifies jus honorum because his citizenship provided him with the right to be considered for and occupy a sacred public office, playing a crucial role in the religious and political life of Rome.