Legal Definitions - leirwita

The term leirwita (also spelled lairwite) is an archaic legal concept from medieval England. It refers to a specific type of fine or penalty imposed by a feudal lord on a female serf or tenant who committed fornication or adultery. This payment was made to the lord as compensation for the perceived moral transgression within his domain and, in some contexts, for the "dishonor" or "damage" to his property or jurisdiction.

• Example 1: Fornication on the Manor

  Elara, a young woman living on Lord Blackwood's estate in the 13th century, became pregnant outside of marriage. When the news reached the lord's steward, an inquiry was held.

  This situation would likely result in a leirwita being levied. Lord Blackwood, asserting his manorial rights, would demand a fine from Elara or her family. This payment was exacted because Elara, as his tenant, had violated the moral codes enforced within his manor, and her actions were seen as an offense against the lord's authority and the social order of his estate.

• Example 2: Adultery by a Married Tenant

  Agnes, a married woman residing on Sir Reginald's lands, was discovered by the manor's reeve to be having a clandestine affair with a man from a neighboring village. Her husband reported the matter to the lord's court.

  In this instance, Sir Reginald, exercising his feudal jurisdiction, would impose a leirwita on Agnes. This fine was demanded due to her act of adultery, which was considered a serious moral transgression and an affront to the lord's authority over the conduct of his tenants. The payment acknowledged the lord's power to punish such offenses within his domain and maintain social order.