Legal Definitions - less-developed country

A less-developed country (often used interchangeably with developing country) refers to a nation that is in the process of improving its economic and social conditions, but still faces significant challenges compared to more industrialized or advanced nations. These challenges typically include lower levels of income per person, less developed infrastructure (like roads, power grids, and communication networks), a greater reliance on agriculture or raw material exports, and often lower standards in areas such as healthcare, education, and public services.

• Example 1: Economic Structure

  Imagine a country where over 70% of its workforce is engaged in subsistence agriculture, meaning they grow just enough food for their families with little surplus to sell. The country has very few factories or technology companies, and its main exports are unprocessed raw materials like coffee beans or minerals. The average income per person is very low, and many citizens lack access to formal banking services.

  This illustrates a less-developed country because its economy is primarily agrarian, lacks industrial diversification, and exhibits low per capita income, all characteristic signs of a nation still building its economic foundation.

• Example 2: Social and Infrastructure Gaps

  Consider a nation where a significant portion of the rural population lacks access to clean piped water, reliable electricity, or paved roads. Public hospitals are scarce and often under-equipped, leading to high rates of preventable diseases. While primary education is available, secondary school enrollment is low, and there are few universities or specialized training centers.

  This scenario points to a less-developed country due to the widespread deficiencies in essential infrastructure and social services, which are crucial for improving public health, education, and overall quality of life.

• Example 3: International Development Assistance

  A particular nation consistently qualifies for and receives substantial financial grants and technical assistance from international organizations like the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and the World Bank. These funds are specifically earmarked for projects aimed at building new schools, improving sanitation systems, and developing sustainable energy sources to lift communities out of poverty.

  This demonstrates a less-developed country because its ongoing reliance on significant external aid for fundamental development projects signifies that it is still working to establish the basic economic and social structures necessary for self-sustaining growth.