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Simple English definitions for legal terms
libel
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A quick definition of libel:
Libel is when someone says or writes something that hurts another person's reputation. This can be done through pictures, signs, or any kind of communication that is written down or printed. In the past, people could sue for libel and get money without having to prove that they were actually harmed. But now, the law says that if the person who was hurt is a public figure or if the thing that was said is about something important to the public, they have to prove that the person who said it did it on purpose and knew it was wrong. If the person who was hurt is a private person and the thing that was said is not important to the public, they can get money without having to prove that the person who said it did it on purpose.A more thorough explanation:
Libel is a type of defamation that harms a person's reputation through written or printed communication, such as pictures, signs, or effigies. It can also damage a person's business or profession.
For example, if a newspaper publishes a false story about a politician stealing money, and the story causes people to hate and ridicule the politician, it could be considered libel.
Traditionally, libel was governed by state law, and damages could be awarded without proof of actual harm. However, the U.S. Supreme Court has limited a state's ability to award damages in libel cases, particularly those involving public officials or matters of public concern. In these cases, the plaintiff must prove that the defendant acted with "actual malice," meaning they knew the statement was false or acted with reckless disregard for the truth.
For private individuals and matters of purely private concern, presumed and punitive damages may be awarded on a lesser showing than actual malice. However, the defamatory statements must not involve issues of public concern.
Overall, libel is a serious offense that can harm a person's reputation and livelihood. It is important to be truthful and responsible when communicating about others.