A more thorough explanation:

MIDDLE-LEVEL SCRUTINY

Middle-level scrutiny is a legal standard used by courts to evaluate laws that may discriminate against certain groups of people. It requires the government to show that the law serves an important government interest and is substantially related to achieving that interest.

One example of a law that would be subject to middle-level scrutiny is a state law that requires all firefighters to be at least 6 feet tall. This law may discriminate against women and people of certain ethnicities who are typically shorter than 6 feet. To pass middle-level scrutiny, the state would need to show that the height requirement is necessary for the job and that there are no less discriminatory alternatives.

Another example is a law that requires all public schools to provide separate bathrooms for boys and girls. This law may discriminate against transgender students who do not identify as either male or female. To pass middle-level scrutiny, the government would need to show that the separate bathrooms are necessary for privacy and safety reasons and that there are no less discriminatory alternatives, such as gender-neutral bathrooms.

Middle-level scrutiny is a legal standard that requires the government to justify laws that may discriminate against certain groups of people. The government must show that the law serves an important government interest and is substantially related to achieving that interest. The examples illustrate how middle-level scrutiny is applied in practice. In both cases, the government must show that the law is necessary for a legitimate reason and that there are no less discriminatory alternatives. This helps to ensure that laws are fair and do not unfairly target certain groups of people.