Legal Definitions - Natural person

A natural person refers to any living human being. In legal terms, it signifies an individual who inherently possesses legal rights and responsibilities simply by virtue of being human, without needing any special registration or creation. This concept distinguishes human beings from other legal entities, such as corporations or organizations, which are considered "artificial persons" or "legal persons" created by law.

• Example 1: Property Ownership and Contracts
  Maria, a freelance graphic designer, decides to purchase a car. She visits a dealership, signs a purchase agreement, and takes out a loan in her own name. As a natural person, Maria has the inherent legal capacity to own property and enter into binding contracts. The law recognizes her as an individual capable of holding assets and incurring debts directly.

• Example 2: Criminal Accountability
  David is accused of committing a traffic violation, such as speeding. The police issue him a ticket, and he is required to pay a fine or appear in court. David, as a natural person, is personally responsible for his actions under the law. The legal system can impose duties and penalties directly upon him as an individual human being.

• Example 3: Fundamental Human Rights
  A baby is born in a hospital and, shortly after, receives a birth certificate. This child is immediately recognized as having fundamental rights, such as the right to a name, nationality, and access to healthcare and education, even before they can speak or understand these concepts. From the moment of birth, the baby is a natural person, automatically acquiring these basic entitlements simply by being a living human, without needing to perform any specific legal act.