A more thorough explanation:

The Nuremberg defense is a legal argument used by members of the military who have been charged with failing to obey an order. The defense claims that the order was illegal and would result in a violation of international law. This defense can also be used by citizens accused of committing domestic crimes who claim that their actions were justified or mandated by international law.

For example, a soldier who refused to carry out an order to commit war crimes could use the Nuremberg defense. Similarly, a protester who vandalized government property in order to draw attention to human rights abuses could argue that their actions were necessary to uphold international law.

The nurturing-parent doctrine is a principle in family law that recognizes the importance of a parent's role in providing a nurturing environment for their child. This doctrine holds that a court should not impute income to a custodial parent who works less than full-time or stays at home in order to provide a better environment for their child.

For example, if a mother decides to work part-time in order to spend more time with her child, the court would not penalize her by imputing income to her. This is because the court recognizes that her decision to prioritize her child's well-being is in the child's best interest.