Legal Definitions - patentable combination

A patentable combination refers to an invention that brings together existing components, steps, or materials in a new and non-obvious way to produce a surprisingly better or different result. The key is that the combined effect is not simply the sum of its parts; instead, it creates a unique synergy or unexpected outcome that would not be apparent to someone skilled in that particular field. This innovative combination, where the whole is greater than the sum of its individual components, makes it eligible for patent protection.

• Example 1: Advanced Water Filtration System

  Imagine a new water purification system that combines a specific type of ceramic membrane, a novel UV sterilization chamber, and an activated carbon filter in a unique sequence and configuration. While ceramic membranes, UV sterilization, and carbon filters are all known technologies, their specific arrangement and interaction in this system achieve an unprecedented level of contaminant removal (e.g., removing microplastics, bacteria, viruses, and heavy metals simultaneously) while maintaining a high flow rate and extended filter life. This superior performance was not achievable by using these components in standard configurations or individually.

  This illustrates a patentable combination because the specific design and interaction of these known filtration technologies produce a superior purification performance that is more efficient and comprehensive than what would be expected from simply combining them in an obvious manner. The unexpected synergy of their arrangement makes the combination innovative.

• Example 2: Smart Agricultural Drone System

  Consider a drone system designed for precision agriculture that integrates high-resolution multispectral cameras, real-time AI-powered image analysis software, and an automated, targeted pesticide/fertilizer spray mechanism. Individually, drones, cameras, AI software, and sprayers exist. However, this system's specific combination allows it to autonomously fly over fields, identify specific areas of crop stress or pest infestation through AI analysis of multispectral data, and then immediately apply precise amounts of treatment only where needed, significantly reducing chemical use and increasing yield efficiency.

  This demonstrates a patentable combination because the integrated system provides a level of precision and automation in agriculture that goes beyond the capabilities of its individual components. The ability to autonomously detect issues and apply targeted solutions in real-time, due to the specific interaction of the hardware and software, creates a non-obvious and highly beneficial outcome.