Legal Definitions - public official

A public official is an individual who holds a position of authority and trust within a government entity, whether at the local, state, or federal level. These individuals are entrusted with exercising governmental powers and performing duties on behalf of the public. Their roles can be either elected by citizens or appointed to serve in a specific capacity, and they are typically subject to particular legal and ethical standards due to the nature of their public service.

• Example 1: The newly elected mayor of a large city.

  Explanation: The mayor is a public official because they were elected by the citizens to lead the city government. They hold a position of significant authority and trust, responsible for overseeing city departments, proposing policies, and making decisions that impact all residents, thereby exercising governmental power on behalf of the public.

• Example 2: The appointed director of a state's Department of Environmental Protection.

  Explanation: This individual is a public official even though they were not elected. They were appointed to a high-level position within a state government agency, where they are entrusted with enforcing environmental laws, issuing permits, and protecting natural resources. Their actions directly involve exercising governmental authority and performing duties for the public good.

• Example 3: A judge presiding over a county's criminal court.

  Explanation: A judge is a classic example of a public official. Whether elected or appointed, they hold a position of immense public trust and authority within the judicial branch of government. They exercise governmental power by interpreting laws, conducting trials, and issuing rulings that directly affect the rights and freedoms of individuals, all in the service of justice for the community.