Legal Definitions - special

In legal terms, special refers to something that is specifically designated, uniquely tailored, or exclusively focused on a particular matter, individual, or event, rather than being part of a general or routine process. It indicates a departure from standard procedures or appointments to address a distinct need or circumstance.

• Example 1: In a complex lawsuit involving a massive amount of electronic data, the court might appoint a special master to oversee the discovery process. This individual is tasked with ensuring that both sides properly exchange relevant information, managing disputes over what data is discoverable, and reporting back to the judge.

  Explanation: This illustrates "special" because the master is not a regular judge or court clerk handling routine tasks. Instead, they are appointed for the specific purpose of managing the intricate data discovery in that particular case, due to its unique complexity and the need for focused expertise.

• Example 2: After a car accident, a plaintiff might claim specialdamages for their medical bills, lost wages from being unable to work, and the cost of repairing their vehicle.

  Explanation: Here, "special" refers to specific, quantifiable financial losses that are directly attributable to the particular accident. These are distinct from "general damages," which cover less tangible losses like pain and suffering, and are calculated based on the unique, documented expenses and income loss of that individual.

• Example 3: Following a major natural disaster, the state governor might call a special session of the legislature to quickly pass emergency funding and recovery measures, even though the regular legislative session is not scheduled for several months.

  Explanation: This demonstrates "special" because the legislative session is convened for a particular, urgent purpose—addressing the disaster—outside of the normal, pre-scheduled legislative calendar. It is not a routine meeting but one called specifically for an extraordinary event.