Legal Definitions - special needs

Special needs refers to the specific, individualized support, adjustments, or services an individual requires because of a disability. These disabilities can encompass a wide range of challenges, including physical limitations, cognitive differences, developmental delays, sensory impairments, or mental health conditions. The primary goal of addressing special needs is to ensure an individual's safety, provide them with equal access to opportunities and facilities, and enable them to participate fully and succeed in various environments.

This often involves providing reasonable accommodations or specialized services, which are legally protected and mandated in many public and commercial settings under laws like the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA).

• Example 1: Attending a Public Event

  Imagine a person who uses a wheelchair wants to attend a concert at a local arena. Their special needs would include accessible seating options, ramps or elevators to navigate different levels of the venue, and accessible restrooms. These are specific provisions (accommodations) tailored to their physical disability, ensuring they can safely access and enjoy the public amenity, thereby addressing their unique requirements.

• Example 2: Receiving Healthcare Services

  Consider a child with a severe anxiety disorder who needs to visit a dentist for a routine check-up. To address their special needs, the dental office might offer a quieter waiting area, allow a parent to stay with them during the procedure, use specific low-sensory tools, or schedule a longer appointment to reduce feelings of being rushed. These are individualized adjustments (services and accommodations) designed to manage the child's emotional and behavioral needs, ensuring they can safely and successfully receive necessary medical care.

• Example 3: Utilizing Public Library Resources

  An adult with a visual impairment wishes to participate in a public book club at their local library. Their special needs might involve receiving the book in an accessible format, such as large print or an audio version, or having a staff member available to assist with navigating the library's digital resources using screen-reading software. These are specific supports (accommodations and services) tailored to the individual's sensory disability, enabling them to fully understand and participate in the public program.