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Simple English definitions for legal terms
specificatio
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A quick definition of specificatio:
Specification: The process of making something new from existing materials. For example, making wine from grapes or a ship from timber. In Roman and civil law, it was a way of acquiring something new by creating it from materials that belonged to someone else. There was a debate about who owned the new thing, but eventually, it was decided that the maker owned it if it couldn't be turned back into its original state and was a completely new thing.
A more thorough explanation:
Specification is the process of making something new from existing materials. For example, making wine from grapes or a ship from timber. In Roman and civil law, it is a way of acquiring new property by transforming existing property.
There was a disagreement in classical law about who owned the new property created through specification. Justinian, a Roman emperor, said that the maker owned the new property if it was irreducible to its former state and a new thing entirely.
For example, if someone takes wood from another person's property and builds a new table, the table is the result of specification. The person who made the table owns it because it is a new thing and cannot be turned back into the original wood.