A more thorough explanation:

A statement is a verbal or nonverbal assertion intended as evidence or a formal presentation of facts. It can also refer to an account of a person's knowledge of a crime taken by the police during their investigation.

• Consonant statement: A prior declaration of a witness, testified to by a person to whom the declaration was made and allowed into evidence only after the witness's testimony has been impeached. For example, if a witness changes their testimony during a trial, a consonant statement made earlier can be used to show that their original testimony was truthful.
• False statement: An untrue statement knowingly made with the intent to mislead. For example, if someone lies under oath during a trial, they are making a false statement and can be charged with perjury.
• Prior consistent statement: A witness's earlier statement that conflicts with the witness's testimony at trial. This type of statement can be used to rebut a charge that the testimony was improperly influenced or fabricated.
• Sworn statement: A statement given under oath, such as an affidavit.
• Voluntary statement: A statement made without the influence of duress, coercion, or inducement. For example, if a suspect voluntarily confesses to a crime without being pressured by the police, their statement can be used as evidence.

These examples illustrate the different types of statements that can be used as evidence in legal proceedings. They show how statements can be used to establish the truth or falsehood of a claim, and how they can be used to impeach a witness's testimony.