A more thorough explanation:

The United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) is a government agency that grants patents and registers trademarks in the United States. It is the only entity that can legally grant patents and trademarks in the country.

The USPTO is part of the U.S. Department of Commerce and was established by Congress. It operates according to laws passed by Congress and rules established by the USPTO that are consistent with the law.

The USPTO employs patent examiners to review applications for patents and trademark examiners to review applications for trademarks. These examiners assess whether an invention or trademark meets the legal requirements for protection.

The USPTO also includes two administrative law bodies, the Patent Trial and Appeal Board (PTAB) and the Trademark Trial and Appeal Board (TTAB), which hear appeals of examiner decisions. Appeals beyond these boards are directed to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit.

The USPTO's power to grant patents and trademarks is limited to the United States. Individuals and entities seeking protection in other countries must apply for protection in each country separately.

The USPTO also advises other government agencies and officials on intellectual property matters.

John invents a new type of bicycle and wants to protect his invention with a patent. He submits an application to the USPTO, which assigns a patent examiner to review the application. The examiner assesses whether John's invention meets the legal requirements for patent protection, such as novelty and non-obviousness. If the examiner determines that John's invention meets these requirements, the USPTO grants him a patent.

Similarly, Sarah wants to register a trademark for her new clothing brand. She submits an application to the USPTO, which assigns a trademark examiner to review the application. The examiner assesses whether Sarah's trademark meets the legal requirements for trademark protection, such as distinctiveness and non-confusion with existing trademarks. If the examiner determines that Sarah's trademark meets these requirements, the USPTO registers her trademark.

These examples illustrate how the USPTO grants patents and registers trademarks to protect intellectual property in the United States.