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Simple English definitions for legal terms

abstraction-filtration-comparison test

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A quick definition of abstraction-filtration-comparison test:

Abstraction-Filtration-Comparison Test: A way for judges to decide if two things are too similar and if one person copied the other. First, the judge looks at the thing that was copied and breaks it down into smaller parts. Then, the judge takes out any parts that can't be protected, like ideas or facts. Finally, the judge compares what's left to the thing that was copied to see if it's too similar. This test is usually used for computer programs, but it can be used for other things too.

A more thorough explanation:

The Abstraction-Filtration-Comparison Test is a legal test used to determine whether two works are substantially similar in an infringement case. It was created by the courts and involves three steps:

  1. Abstraction Test: The court breaks down the copyrighted work into its different levels of abstraction or generality.
  2. Filtration Test: The court examines each level of abstraction and removes any unprotectable elements such as ideas, processes, facts, public-domain information, and merger material.
  3. Comparison Test: The court compares the remaining core of protectable expression with the accused work to determine if there has been any misappropriation of substantial elements of the copyrighted work.

The Abstraction-Filtration-Comparison Test was first used in a case involving computer software, but it has since been applied to other types of works as well.

Suppose a musician creates a song and copyrights it. Another musician later creates a song that sounds very similar to the first song. The first musician could use the Abstraction-Filtration-Comparison Test to determine if the second song infringes on their copyright.

  1. Abstraction Test: The court breaks down the structure of the first song into its different levels of abstraction, such as melody, harmony, and lyrics.
  2. Filtration Test: The court examines each level of abstraction and removes any unprotectable elements, such as common chord progressions or basic song structures.
  3. Comparison Test: The court compares the remaining core of protectable expression with the second song to determine if there has been any misappropriation of substantial elements of the first song.

If the court finds that the second song has copied substantial elements of the first song's protectable expression, then it may be considered an infringement of the first musician's copyright.

abstraction | abstractions test

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JumpySubsequentDolphin
11:16
I told my family I won’t get any decisions until 2025 so they wouldn’t bombard me hahah
no i think there should be a Law School combine with all new drills except there is still the 40 yard dash
and a sub 4.5 gets you into any t14
LSAT can be one of the drills
letsseehowitgoesnow
11:17
so washu only called one person
So all the D1 athletes will get into a T-14. What else is new?
@TheAdoptedOne: that is called "Dean Poker Night" lol
@ClockworkBlue: I feel like most people could train for the 40 for the same amount of time as they do the LSAT and get close to sub 5 which would be equivalent to a 167+
this is like the schizophrenic posts JJK tik tok be putting out
powerscaling Law School deans up next
11:19
Election Day election day
Write in Dean Z vote
11:20
Saw a guy that wrote in Biden and he said no retirement for you buddy
1a2b3c4d26z
11:20
@ClockworkBlue: god I hope that's true
if the country was run the same as Mich Law it would be a better place
Imagine if election night was run by an adcom? Like, "yep, we could get the results Friday, or June 2025."
imagine if it was like Berkley applications
1a2b3c4d26z
11:22
Election status: Complete
1a2b3c4d26z
11:22
For months
triplethread
11:23
erection day
soapy
11:23
Shoutout to Robinhood's election bet not resolving until January
triplethread
11:23
is anyone else like certain that trump will win
ambitiouslizard
11:23
he aint winning
triplethread
11:23
i like being a pessimist
ambitiouslizard
11:24
he lost his re-election, why would he win this one?
1a2b3c4d26z
11:25
I have no idea why people have so much beef w berkeley's app
I've been reading a bit about "herding," which is this idea that pollsters are making the race look tied so they look right no matter who wins.
1a2b3c4d26z
11:26
Like... it's a more involved app but you don't have to do it? They're clearly trying to have some self-selection go on
I 100% agree with the self selection, I also am not even close to touching the medians there. However I think the huge PS plus the video and especially the very specific criteria for the why Berkeley essay is pretty crazy
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