Legal Definitions - acquit

In legal terms, to acquit means to formally declare a person not guilty of a criminal charge. This decision is typically made by a jury or a judge at the conclusion of a criminal trial, after considering all the evidence presented. When a defendant is acquitted, they are legally cleared of the accusation and cannot be tried again for the same offense.

More broadly, though less commonly used in modern legal contexts, "acquit" can also refer to releasing someone from a debt or other obligation.

• Example 1: Jury Verdict in a Felony Case

  Imagine a defendant accused of felony assault. After weeks of testimony and evidence presentation, the jury deliberates for several days. Ultimately, they conclude that the prosecution has not proven the defendant's guilt beyond a reasonable doubt.

  Explanation: When the jury returns a verdict of "not guilty," they formally acquit the defendant of the assault charges. This legal ruling means the defendant is cleared of the accusation and is free to leave, as the state has failed to meet its burden of proof.

• Example 2: Judge's Decision in a Bench Trial

  Consider a situation where a person is charged with a misdemeanor, such as disturbing the peace, and chooses to have their case heard by a judge without a jury (known as a bench trial). The judge listens to the arguments from both the prosecution and the defense, and reviews any submitted evidence.

  Explanation: If the judge determines that the evidence presented is insufficient to establish guilt, they will find the defendant "not guilty." In doing so, the judge acquits the defendant, legally releasing them from the criminal charge and its potential penalties.