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Simple English definitions for legal terms

Board of Education v. Earls (2002)

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A quick definition of Board of Education v. Earls (2002):

In this case, the Supreme Court said that a school in Oklahoma could require students who participate in after-school activities to take drug tests. The Court said that the school's policy did not violate the Fourth Amendment, which protects people from unreasonable searches and seizures. The Court said that students who participate in after-school activities have less privacy than other students, and that the drug tests were not a big invasion of privacy. The Court also said that the school had a good reason for doing the drug tests, which was to stop drug use among students.

A more thorough explanation:

Board of Education v. Earls is a Supreme Court case that dealt with the constitutionality of a school district's policy requiring all students participating in extracurricular activities to consent to random drug testing. The Court held that the policy did not violate the Fourth Amendment and was constitutional.

The Court had previously upheld the constitutionality of suspicionless drug testing for student athletes in Vernonia Sch. District 47J v. Acton, but the policy in this case was even broader. The School District's collection of urine samples for drug testing implicated the Fourth Amendment protection against unreasonable searches and seizures.

The Court evaluated the reasonableness of the drug testing policy by weighing the students' privacy interests against the policy's promotion of legitimate government interests. The Court found that the students affected by the drug testing policy had a limited expectation of privacy. By participating in extracurricular activities, students voluntarily subject themselves to rules that do not apply to the student body as a whole. Submitting to these extra regulations diminishes an already limited expectation of privacy in the public school context.

The Court also found that the testing itself was not a significant invasion of privacy. The method of urine collection was minimally intrusive, and the only consequences of a failed test would be to limit a student's participation in extracurricular activities.

The Court concluded that the testing policy was a reasonable means of furthering the School District's interest in detecting and deterring drug use among its students. The School District offered sufficient evidence of drug use in its schools to show a special need for suspicionless testing.

For example, if a student wants to participate in the school's football team, they must consent to random drug testing. If they fail the test, they may not be allowed to play in the next game. This policy is constitutional because the students have a limited expectation of privacy when participating in extracurricular activities, and the testing is a reasonable means of detecting and deterring drug use among students.

board of directors | Board of Veterans’ Appeals (BVA)

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1:15
Was she a natural ginger or a fake ginger? You can’t always tell
Dkk
1:15
@CynicalOops: I go white people cus I am white. Hispanics cus I am hispanic. Black women, Asian women. Sub races Idk.
Dkk
1:15
@cheriebomb: Fake. Her natural hair color was blond.
1:16
A fake ginger bitch will ruin your life <3
CynicalOops
1:16
I met a ginger and i thought she was a real one and then she was fake and it shattered my world
CynicalOops
1:16
Then she moved to london
Dkk
1:16
Uhhh she kinda just ruined hers by trying to cheat on me and then some guy raped her lol.
CynicalOops
1:16
Shattered x2
Dkk
1:17
@cheriebomb: maybe though. Maybe that is true but you shouldn't be saying that to people if you want them to date you.
1:17
Why are women always moving to London? There’s nothing good there
1:17
I’m just being transparent
1:17
The heart indicates that it’s a good thing
Dkk
1:18
Okay sounds good. Yeah my cousin moved to London. Nothing there for him after 6 years and he moved back to New York.
Dkk
1:19
Great to visit, not great to stay imo.
1:19
London sucks and cyncial’s fake ginger is probably regretting it right now
1:19
So dark and rainy and I hate the way they talk
1:19
And their sense of humor
CynicalOops
1:19
Shes was from london so im not sure
CynicalOops
1:21
Dkk i do appreciate your transparency i really understand you better
Dkk
1:21
Europe seems off to me in general. I met a lot of weird europeans in Crypto.
1:21
Oh maybe not then. But that’s your fault for dating a girl from London in the first place
Dkk
1:21
@CynicalOops: lol maybe maybe
1:23
I always understood Dk like we developed in the womb together so this is not new to me
Dkk
1:28
Mhhh maybe
Dkk
1:29
Do I understand you?
CynicalOops
1:46
Si señor yo entiendo
Dkk
2:07
Bueno lol
Dkk
2:07
Jajajaja
CynicalOops
2:08
Latina milfs are on high alert tonight
Dkk
2:51
As they should be. Nah I aint doing shit till January. Holidays I never go out drinking and eating. Gotta take advantage of the fact you can get 5.5 lbs of mussels for $20 at costco rn.
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