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Simple English definitions for legal terms
civil liberties
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A quick definition of civil liberties:
Civil liberties are freedoms that everyone has because they are human. These freedoms are protected by the U.S. Constitution, which is a set of rules that the government must follow. The Constitution says that the government cannot take away these freedoms, like the freedom to speak your mind or practice your religion. Civil liberties are different from civil rights, which are rules made by the government to make sure everyone is treated fairly. If someone breaks your civil rights, you can take legal action against them.
A more thorough explanation:
Civil liberties are freedoms that are guaranteed by the U.S. Constitution. These freedoms are inherent to each person and are protected by the First Amendment. Civil liberties operate as restraints on how the government can treat its citizens. The government is explicitly prohibited from infringing on these liberties, such as the freedom of speech.
Civil liberties are different from civil rights. Civil liberties are constitutionally protected freedoms, while civil rights are claims built upon legislation. A violation of civil rights affords the injured party a right to legal action against the violator.
The freedom of religion is an example of both a civil right and a civil liberty. It is protected under the Constitution from government infringement (liberty) as well as under the Civil Rights Act of 1964 from being the basis of discriminatory practices.
Another example of civil liberties is the right to privacy. This includes the right to be free from unreasonable searches and seizures by the government. This right is protected by the Fourth Amendment.
These examples illustrate how civil liberties are inherent to each person and are protected by the Constitution. They also show how civil liberties operate as restraints on how the government can treat its citizens.