Legal Definitions - countersign

Countersign means to add a second signature to a document that has already been signed by someone else. The primary purpose of this additional signature is to confirm the authenticity of the initial signature, to validate the document, or to verify the identity or authority of the person who signed first. It acts as an extra layer of authentication, approval, or oversight.

Here are a few examples to illustrate:

• Example 1: Financial Transactions

  Imagine a scenario where a bank customer needs to make a very large cash withdrawal. A junior bank teller processes the request and signs the withdrawal slip. However, due to the significant amount, bank policy requires a higher level of approval.

  The bank manager then reviews the transaction and adds their signature right next to the teller's on the withdrawal slip. The manager's signature is a countersignature, verifying the teller's authority to process such a large transaction and confirming the legitimacy of the withdrawal.

• Example 2: Official Identity Documents

  When applying for certain official documents, such as a passport in some countries, an applicant might be required to have a professional (like a doctor, lawyer, or teacher) confirm their identity and the authenticity of their photograph. The applicant signs their application form.

  The designated professional then signs a specific section of the form, often stating that they have known the applicant for a certain period and can verify their identity. This professional's signature is a countersignature, providing independent verification of the applicant's identity to the issuing authority.

• Example 3: Medical Orders

  In a hospital setting, a medical resident might write an order for a specific medication or a treatment plan for a patient. While the resident is authorized to write these orders, they typically operate under the supervision of a more senior physician.

  After the resident signs the medical order, their supervising attending physician reviews it and then adds their own signature. The attending physician's signature is a countersignature, indicating their review and approval of the resident's order, thereby taking ultimate responsibility and confirming the appropriateness of the treatment plan.